Welcome to UltraFucoidan™

Natural Immune Support from the Ocean

The Nature’s Potency in Every Granule.
Elevate Your Creations with Pure Wellness.
Not Just a Product – It’s an Ingredient Revolution!

The Nature’s Potency in Every Granule.
Elevate Your Creations with Pure Wellness.
Not Just a Product – It’s an Ingredient Revolution!

Why UltraFucoidan™?

  • Prepared Using a 100% Water Extraction Process.
  • No Hexane.
  • No Ethanol.
  • No Other Solvents.

  • Maximum Sulfate Content (over 25%), to optimize therapeutic properties and bioactivity.

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UltraFucoidan

Why Do We Need Fucoidan?

antioxidant

 

Fucoidan helps protect your cells from damage caused by harmful molecules called free radicals. This can lower the risk of diseases like cancer and heart disease.

 

Fucoidan boosts your immune system by making your immune cells more active. This helps your body fight off infections and stay healthy.

 

Fucoidan lowers the levels of fat and cholesterol in your blood. It stops your body from absorbing too much fat from food and helps remove cholesterol, reducing the risk of heart disease.

 

Fucoidan helps wounds heal faster by encouraging cell growth and collagen production, which are important for repairing tissue. It also reduces swelling and inflammation.

Fucoidan helps you recover faster from illnesses by boosting your immune system and reducing inflammation. It makes your body better at fighting off infections and healing itself.

 

Fucoidan protects your stomach by forming a barrier on the stomach lining. This prevents damage from stomach acid and reduces inflammation, helping prevent and heal stomach ulcers.

Why UltraFucoidan

UltraFucoidan™ is a highly bioactive compound isolated from the Laminaria and Undaria species grown in Korean ocean waters. Our proprietary manufacturing technologies allow us to maximize the sulfate content, at over 25% with maximum bioactivity, to optimize therapeutic properties. This process is:

  • Prepared Using a 100% Water Extraction Process.
  • No Hexane.
  • No Ethanol.
  • No Other Solvents.

  • Maximum Sulfate Content (over 25%), to optimize therapeutic properties and bioactivity.

In addition, the fucoidan extracts are combined with rich polyphenol antioxidants for additional immunity support. The applications are endless for pharmaceutical, nutritional, dermatological, and medical device applications.

What is Fucoidan?

  • A complex sulfated polysaccharide found in brown algae and seaweed.
  • Rich in macronutrients, L-fucose, monosaccharides, uronic acids, acetyl groups, and protein.
  • Supports immune, cardiovascular, skin, and digestive health.

Figure 1 shows the basic structure of algal polysaccharides, specifically highlighting the sulfated (1→3)-linked fucose backbone typical of fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida, used in UltraFucoidan™ by Vesta Ingredients. The Fucp refers to L-fucopyranose. In fucoidan, these Fucp units are typically linked via the (1→3) glycosidic bonds. In the case of Undaria pinnatifida, they are HEAVILY SULFATED, meaning many hydroxyl groups on the fucose ring are replaced with sulfate groups, CONTRIBUTING TO ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY.

Fucoidan is known for its abundance of macronutrients and health benefits. Fucoidan is a complex sulfated polysaccharide large molecule found in the cell-wall matrix of brown algae and seaweed, and contains high amounts of L-fucose.

Fucoidan contains various monosaccharides (mannose, galactose, glucose, xylose, etc.), uronic acids, acetyl groups, and protein.

With these abundant organic compounds, Fucoidan supports immune, cardiovascular, skin, and digestive health.

Fucoidan is in a family of brown algae sulphated polysaccharides whose main polyfucose sugar unit is sulfated fucose. The basic structure of the algal polysaccharides is shown in Figure 1. The reader can easily see the presence of multiple sulfated groups in the fucoidan species. The fucoidan order Laminariales, sp. Undaria pinnatifida is distinct with the completely sulfated (1→3)-linked Fucp backbone structure for UltraFucoidan™ by Vesta Ingredients.

The high sulfate content of UltraFucoidan™ is the basis of the health benefits of the fucoidan extract. Additional information is presented in this document regarding the health benefits of UltraFucoidan™.

The fucoidan seaweed extract of UltraFucoidan™ has been studied as a novel source of a variety of compounds reported to possess biological activity of potential medicinal value and for compounds considered to be a rich source of antioxidants. These natural antioxidants have been used for centuries and are naturally found in plant materials. Fucoidan is safe for consumers because of the natural source of the plant material.

Fucoidan exhibits a wide range of biological activity summarized below (Varinska et al., 2017):

  • anti-inflammatory
  • anti-viral
  • anti-tumor
  • anti-thrombotic
  • anti-angiogenic

UltraFucoidan is unique and has the most advantages. The main feature of UltraFucoidan is the higher concentration of sulfur and actual Fucoidan than most other products already on the market. This feature results in the highest concentration of antioxidant compounds for the strongest bioactivity. UltraFucoidan has an abundant 15% sulfur with 85% fucoidan for the most benefit.

In addition, the source of Vesta’s UltraFucoidan derives from the Laminaria and Undaria species grown in Korean ocean waters, which are considered an enriched and natural body of clean, unpolluted water.

Undaria Pinnatifida

Undaria pinnatifida, commonly known as wakame, is a type of brown seaweed that typically grows in coastal waters up to 20 meters deep. It thrives in sheltered reef areas where factors like temperature, nutrients, light, and depth are crucial for its growth. Undaria can grow up to 2 meters in length within a year, making it a rapidly renewable resource.

As a source of fucoidan, Undaria pinnatifida stands out among other seaweed species because it contains high levels of this beneficial compound. Fucoidan is known for its potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Undaria’s high fucoidan content, combined with its rapid growth and nutrient-rich profile, makes it a valuable seaweed compared to other species.

Laminaria

Laminaria seaweed, also known as kelp, is a large brown algae that grows in cold ocean waters and forms dense underwater forests. It has a holdfast to anchor it, a stem-like stipe, and long fronds that help it thrive. Laminaria is very nutritious, containing iodine, potassium, calcium, and various vitamins.
Laminaria is special because it has a lot of fucoidan, a compound with potential health benefits like reducing inflammation and fighting viruses. It stands out from other seaweeds due to its high nutritional value and significant fucoidan content.

Fucoidan containing foods such as seaweed are known in the traditions and history of many Asian countries as a staple in their diets which accounts for the health benefits leading to longer life. It wasn’t until the past several decades that biomedical research has extensively studied the effects and benefits of Fucoidan.

Several studies have established the mechanisms by which Fucoidan is utilized by the body to generate vital hormones and enzymes, and these studies have elucidated the role of fucoidan in helping to improve immunecardiovascular, skin, and digestive health.

Purity & Source

UltraFucoidan™ is a special seaweed extract that can be used as a food supplement because it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. It comes from seaweed called Laminaria and Undaria, which are grown in the clean waters of the Korean ocean. The process to make UltraFucoidan™ is natural and doesn’t use any harmful chemicals.

UltraFucoidan™ doesn’t contain any animal products, making it suitable for vegetarians and vegans. No animals or animal parts are used to make it. It’s also made from non-GMO plants, which means it doesn’t come from genetically modified organisms. Additionally, UltraFucoidan™ is free from allergens, so it won’t cause allergic reactions.
Therefore, UltraFucoidan™ is effectively pure Fucoidan with the features of:

  • Highest sulfate content for most bioactivity
  • No animal by-products
  • Vegetarian and vegan-friendly
  • Non-GMO
  • Allergen-free

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Research & Development

Vesta Nutra has conducted extensive research on fucoidan, a compound found in seaweed known for its numerous health benefits. Fucoidan is rich in antioxidants, which help protect the body from damage caused by free radicals. This compound supports immunity and has shown promising potential in cancer treatment, exhibiting strong anti-cancer properties.

In addition to our own research, there are multiple global leading research institutions that are conducting human clinical trials. The research aims to further understand and validate the health benefits of fucoidan.

Research on Health Benefits of UltraFucoidan™

Fucoidan has many antioxidants, which help protect your body from damage. It contains chemicals called polyphenols found in seaweed. A special kind of polyphenol called phlorotannins is only found in brown seaweeds.

Free radicals are unstable molecules that can harm your cells, and they are a normal part of life. Oxygen, which we need to live, can create these free radicals. They are also produced when we have active lifestyles, like playing sports and exercising. Other factors like smoking, drinking alcohol, and inflammation can also create free radicals. We can’t avoid them, and the more we live, the more we encounter them (Health supplements from antioxidant-rich seaweed | Research and Innovation (europa.eu)).

Antioxidants help recycle glutathione and reactivate used antioxidants. Fucoidan helps remove free radicals and reduce oxidative damage, making it a great antioxidant. It is also rich in essential amino acids, vegetable protein, vitamins (especially vitamin B-12), minerals, and antioxidants, which are all good for your health (Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants – San Diego Union-Tribune (sandiegouniontribune.com)).

Many animal and lab studies show that seaweed might have great health benefits. For example, lab studies found that fucoidans, a type of sugar found in seaweed, have antiviral properties and can kill human colon cancer cells (Jin et al., 2021). This means they might help fight off viruses and prevent cancer.

In addition to this, human studies have shown that fucoidans can slow down how quickly our bodies absorb sugar after eating. This could help manage blood sugar levels and prevent spikes after meals (Lu & Chen, 2022). These findings suggest that seaweed could be a very healthy addition to our diet.

Figure 1. Injured liver cells (left), and Fucoidan-protected liver cells (right) (Cho et al., 2015).

Fucoidan has been studied a lot in cancer research. Many studies have shown that fucoidan has properties that can help stop the growth of blood vessels in tumors (anti-angiogenic) and reduce tumor growth (anti-tumorigenic). Fucoidan’s high sulfate content supports these anti-cancer properties. The anti-angiogenic effect means it can stop tumors from developing new blood vessels, which is due to a decrease in NFκB expression, an important factor for VEGF expression. Fucoidan also inhibits AKT, which is involved in ERK phosphorylation and ERBB signaling in melanoma (Thakur et al., 2017).

In melanoma, which relies on ERBB signaling, tumor growth was reduced by 85% when fucoidan from New Zealand U. pinnatifida was used with lapatinib treatment. Fucoidan not only stops tumor growth but also reduces the side effects of prolonged lapatinib treatment and doubles its cell-killing ability. This is linked to the decrease in AKT and NFκB signaling, crucial for melanoma cell survival. Fucoidan enhances the effects of lapatinib by inhibiting ERBB3, a key receptor in melanoma, making it a potent addition to melanoma treatment (Thakur et al., 2017).

The strong anti-angiogenic activity of fucoidan comes from its diverse composition, including fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and sulfate. The activity increases when sulfate groups attach to these sugars. Fucoidan also boosts antioxidant defense, protecting cells and reducing aging-related stress (Cong et al., 2016).

Fucoidan protects liver cells from bile acid-induced damage and inhibits the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The photos in Figure 1 show injured liver cells on the left and healthy, fucoidan-protected cells on the right (Cho et al., 2015). It also helps treat metastatic HCC by down-regulating ID-1, which decreases the invasion of HCC cells significantly (Cho et al., 2016).

Targeting calcium signaling with fucoidan might also help fight tumors. Fucoidan affects Ca2+ responses and might inhibit different G-protein coupled receptors linked with Ca2+ function (Wu et al., 2018). By blocking Ca2+ influx into cells and T-type calcium channels, fucoidan can affect cell cycle progression and cell proliferation, inhibiting human cancer cell growth. Fucoidan and calcium channel blockers are potential treatments for tumors that depend on T-type calcium channels to grow (Wu et al., 2018).

Our Certifications

Product Details

UltraFucoidan™ is manufactured without animals and is Vegetarian and vegan friendly.

UltraFucoidan™ has OVER 30% SULFATE CONTENT with the fewest impurities and for maximum bioactivity

UltraFucoidan™ is prepared using a 100% WATER EXTRACTION PROCESS with NO hexane, ethanol, or other solvents

Koyanagi et al. (2003) studied how fucoidan can prevent blood clots and help stop tumor growth. They found that fucoidan with more sulfate is better at stopping tumors from growing and spreading. Over-sulfated fucoidan was more effective than natural fucoidan at stopping blood vessels from forming around tumors, which is important for slowing down cancer growth. This shows that having more sulfate groups in fucoidan is very important.

Vesta Nutra knows how important it is to have highly-sulfated fucoidan and is dedicated to providing the best fucoidan with the highest sulfate content. The amount of sulfate in fucoidan depends on where it comes from and how it’s extracted. The way it’s extracted affects its antioxidant properties. Vesta Nutra ensures they use the best methods to maximize the sulfate content in their fucoidan.

UltraFucoidan™ is produced from non-GMO materials, ensuring it does not come from genetically modified organisms. This makes it a natural choice for those concerned about GMOs. Moreover, UltraFucoidan™ is completely allergen-free, meaning it is made with ingredients that are highly unlikely to cause any allergic reactions. This makes it a safe option for people with various allergies.
Vesta is confident of our pharmaceutical-grade facility that adheres to strict cGMP regulations set by the US-FDA and NSF. UltraFucoidan™ is produced in this highly-controlled environment, ensuring it meets the highest standards for quality and safety.

Certified by NSF International for current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) through the FDA, UltraFucoidan™ guarantees that its products are manufactured with consistent quality, free from contamination, and accurately labeled. Additionally, UltraFucoidan™ is produced without using any animal products, highlighting Vesta’s commitment to providing consumers with safe and reliable health supplements that adhere to rigorous regulatory standards.

Abundance

Abundance

Figure 1. Korean Health Supplement Institute Certificate of Analysis Test Report

High Sulfuric Acid Radicals

Vesta’s UltraFucoidan™ has the highest sulfate content of fucoidan, compared with competitor products.

See the Figure 1 example Certificate of Analysis from the Test Report of the Korean Health Supplement Institute.

This government document proves the sulfate content of UltraFucoidan™ to be over 30% sulfate with and established value of 33.5% sulfuric acid radical.

Figure 2. Comparison to Japanese Mozuku Fucoidan at approx

As compared to competitor’s products, Vesta stands alone with the highest sulfuric acid radical content in UltraFucoidan™.

Figure 2 summarizes the report of the Japanese famous Science of Seaweed of Fucoidan.

The other fucoidan product by Japanese Mozuku Fucoidan is less than half the sulfuric acid radical at approx.

11%, as compared to Vesta Fucoidan, UltraFucoidan™ with sulfuric acid radical content over 30%.

Figure 3. Scientific Journal conclusions of correlation between anti-cancer potential and sulfuric acid radicals (Moghadamtousi et al., 2014; Koyanagi et al., 2013)

Anti-cancer Effect

UltraFucoidan™ harnesses the power of sulfuric acid radicals to effectively combat cancer.

Its high sulfate content is pivotal to these therapeutic properties, enhancing its ability to inhibit tumor growth by interacting with proteins crucial in cancer cell signaling and proliferation.

Manufactured with advanced technology to maximize sulfate levels, UltraFucoidan™ is promoted by Vesta Nutra as a potent, natural supplement with significant health benefits, particularly in cancer prevention and treatment.

Ultrafiltration

Ultrafiltration

Figure 1. Vesta Ingredients manufacturing facility designed specifically for UltraFucoidan™

Alcohol Free Manufacturing Method

The proprietary manufacturing method of Vesta UltraFucoidan™ utilizes an Alcohol-Free method and results in a very pure and highly stable product. The UltraFucoidan™ product is all natural and is produced without solvents and is extracted with clean water.

Fucoidan can be produced in a poor quality and with a cheaper method using ethanol and harmful chemicals.
(Check Abundance)

Vesta extracts UltraFucoidan™ without alcohol for a high-quality and pure fucoidan extract.

Figure 2. Ethanol Precipitation vs Ultrafiltration

In addition, the quality of UltraFucoidan™ is enhanced with advanced filtration technology.

This is opposed to cheap, competitor products that use chemicals to obtain a crude fucoidan extract.

Vesta Ingredients uses a proprietary manufacturing method with an ultrafilter for a high-quality and highly-refined fucoidan extract.

Figure 1 shows a picture of the advanced manufacturing process at our Vesta Ingredients manufacturing facility designed specifically for UltraFucoidan™.

Safety

Safety

Toxicology Safety Tests with GLP Laboratory

The safety of UltraFucoidan™ has been documented with an established and registered GLP Laboratory.

This testing has included required in vitro and in vivo studies as listed below.

In addition, the source for Vesta UltraFucoidan™ is from an ocean in Korea which is known to be isolated from Japanese nuclear contamination and hazards.

UltraFucoidan™ has been documented for safety and is confirmed safe by a GLP Laboratory.

The required in vitro and in vivo studies are listed below:

Standard GLP Toxicology Test Battery
(used for UltraFucoidan™)

  1. Single dose oral toxicity test
  2. Oral repeated dose toxicity test (13 weeks)
  3. Chromosome aberration test
  4. Micronucleus test
  5. Reverse mutation test

The UltraFucoidan™ toxicology safety test results have been confirmed.

UltraFucoidan™ is from a Korean ocean safe from hazards and Japanese nuclear contamination.

UltraFucoidan™ has also been tested by a GLP Laboratory.

Bioactivity

Overview

Studies undertaken by Vesta and independent research groups around the world have investigated the efficacy of fucoidan in a diverse range of indications and clinical settings.

The benefits include promoting youthful appearance, supporting wound healing, and supporting healthy connective tissue.

  • Superior antioxidant
  • Eliminates free radicals
  • Supports a healthy immune system
  • Reduces blood lipids
  • Supports wound healing
  • Helps to speed recovery from illness
  • Provides gastric protection
  • Skin Support

Benefits of Fucoidan

UltraFucoidan™ is a highly potent compound extracted from marine plants thriving in pristine ocean waters. Through Vesta’s advanced manufacturing process, the sulfate content in UltraFucoidan™ is maximized, enhancing its therapeutic properties. Additionally, it is enriched with polyphenol antioxidants, further bolstering its ability to support immunity.

The health benefits of Fucoidan are closely linked to its sulfate concentration. Research indicates that the sulfate component of Fucoidan plays a crucial role in its biological activity, contributing to its effectiveness in promoting health and well-being (Moghadamtousi et al., 2014; Koyanagi et al., 2013). See the sulfur-content bioactivity and anti-cancer conclusions of important publications highlighted at our Technology page.

For more details about benefits of UltraFucoidan™

Biological Activities

Fucoidans show strong anticoagulant effects by affecting antithrombin and/or heparin cofactor II. The way they work in preventing blood clotting is influenced by their different structures and how they interact with certain enzymes. Their effectiveness comes from how they interact electrically with proteins, especially using their sulfate groups. Fucoidans are part of algae cell wall polysaccharides (Se-Kwon Kim, 2015).

Table 1. A general list of biological activities provided by Fucoidan (Se-Kwon Kim, 2015).

Biological Activities of Fucoidan:

  • Antioxidant
  • Anti-obesity (suppression of adipogenesis)
  • Anti-allergic (regulation of Th1/Th2 cell response)
  • Antitumor
  • Anticoagulant
  • Antiprotozoal
  • Antiviral (HSV-1, HSV-2; human cytomegalovirus)

Mechanisms of Fucoidan’s Biological Activities:

  • Enhancement of various immune responses
  • Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation
  • Stimulation of tumor cell apoptosis (programmed cell death)
  • Inhibition of tumor cell metastasis
  • Inhibition of tumor blood vessel formation

Uses & Applications

Immunity

Fucoidan is a complex sulfated polysaccharide consisting of various monosaccharides, uronic acids, and natural sulfate from brown seaweed.

Brown seaweed is a major component of diets of the Japanese, who are long known for having the highest life expectancy rates.

Fucoidan has a strong effect on supporting immune enhancement and is a potent antioxidant.

It also stimulates osteoblast production and supports healthy connective tissue.

Fucoidan has been shown to stimulate the production of immune cells and strengthens them to prevent disease.

See our Research and Development section for additional health benefits.

Manufacturing and Packaging Applications

The UltraFucoidan™ applications are endless for pharmaceutical, nutritional, dermatological, and medical device applications. Consider how UltraFucoidan™ could be used in functional foods like those listed below.

The potential applications of UltraFucoidan™ are vast, spanning pharmaceutical, nutritional, dermatological, and medical device fields. Imagine incorporating UltraFucoidan™ into various functional foods, such as:

Snack Bars

Sports Drinks

Teas

Yogurt

Cereal

Gummies

Trail mixes

Chocolate

Dietary Supplements

Natural Inclusions

Ready Meals

References

A study of fucoidan from the brown seaweed Chorda filum

Alexander O. Chizhov a,b, Anne Dell a, Howard R. Morris a, Stuart M. Haslam a,
Roy A. McDowell a, Alexander S. Shashkov b, Nikolay E.


Fucoidan as a Potential Therapeutic for Major Blinding Diseases—A Hypothesis

Alexa Klettner

Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
aklettner@auge.uni-kiel.de; Tel.: +0049-431-597-2401; Fax: +0049-431-597-3140


Fucoidan: Structure and Bioactivity

Bo Li*, Fei Lu, Xinjun Wei and Ruixiang Zhao

School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, P.R.
China.


Therapies from Fucoidan: An Update

Janet Helen Fitton *, Damien N. Stringer and Samuel S. Karpiniec

Fucoidans are a class of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides found in brown
marine algae and echinoderms. Fucoidans have an attractive array of bioactivities and
potential applications including immune modulation, cancer inhibition, and pathogen
inhibition….

And,

  1. Ale et al. 2011. Important Determinants for Fucoidan Bioactivity- A Critical Review of Structure-Function Relations. Marine Drugs. 9, 2106-2130.
  2. Fu et al. 2016. Extraction of phenolic antioxidants from four selected seaweeds obtained. International Food Research Journal. 236, 2363-2369
  3. Cho et al. 2015. Fucoidan protects hepatocytes from apoptosis and inhibits invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by up-regulating. Acta Pharmaceutic.
  4. Hsu et al. 2017. Fucoidan induces Toll-like receptor 4-regulated reactive oxygen species and promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in lung. Sci Rep. 7, 44990.
  5. Hurd et al. 2023. From Tasmania to the world-long and strong traditions in seaweed use, research, and development. Botanica Marina. vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 1-36.
  6. Jin et al. 2021. The Therapeutic Potential of the Anticancer Activity of Fucoidan: Current Advances and Hurdles. Marine Drugs 19, no. 5: 265.
  7. Kim et al. 2017. HT-29 Cell Death And Cell Cycle Following Fucoidan Treatment. Molecular Medicine Reports 15. 4116-4122.
  8. Lu and Chen. 2022. Seaweeds as Ingredients to Lower Glycemic Potency of Cereal Foods Synergistically—A Perspective. Foods 11, no. 5: 714.
  9. Saetan et al. 2021. Potential health benefits of fucoidan from the brown seaweeds Sargassum Plagiophyllum and sargassum polycystum. Journal of Applied Phycology, 33(5), 3357–3364.
  10. Senthilkumar et al. 2013. Brown seaweed fucoidan- biological activity and apoptosis, growth signaling mechanism in cancer. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. ScienceDirect. 60,366-74.
  11. Thakur et al. 2017. The natural compound fucoidan from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida synergizes with the ERBB
  12. Tsai et al. 2017. Efficacy of Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan as a Supplemental Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Marine Drugs. 15, 122.
  13. Varinska et al. 2017. Angiomodulators in cancer therapy- New perspectives. BiomedPharmacotherapy 89, 578-590.
  14. Wang et al. 2017. Effect of Fucoidan on B16 Murine Melanoma Cell Melanin Formation and Apoptosis. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 14 (4)149-155.
  15. Wu et al. 2018. Fucoidan inhibits Ca2+ responses induced by a wide spectrum of agonists. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17(1), 1428–1436.
  16. Xu et al. 2017. Recent Advances in Marine Algae Polysaccharides- Isolation, Structure, and Activities. Marine Drugs. 15(12) 388.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. This information on this website is provided for developmental purposes only. This is not a specification, a guarantee of composition, or certificate of analysis. The information contained herein is correct to the best of our knowledge. Recommendations and suggestions contained on this website are made without guarantee or representation as to results. We suggest you evaluate these recommendations prior to use. Our responsibility for claims arising from breach of warranty, negligence, or otherwise is limited to the purchase price of the material.